Tuesday 14 June 2011

Sistem pengambilan nota Cornell

The Cornell System for Note-Taking

There is no one right way to take notes in class. One effective note-taking system is called The Cornell System, which was designed by Walter Pauk, emeritus, at Cornell University. To use this system you will need a large loose-leaf notebook. This allows you to insert class handouts, rearrange notes easily, or remove notes to spread them out and study. To learn more about this note-taking framework read Chapter 5 in Pauk's book, How to Study in College, 5th Edition.
Page Layout
The distinguishing feature of the Cornell system is the layout of the page on which you take your notes. The page layout includes large margins on the left and bottom of the page. A picture of this layout (not to scale), with dimensions, is shown below.  



  
Cue (Recall) Column
The space to the left of the vertical margin should be reserved for a cue (or recall) column. You should not write in this area during the lecture, while you are taking notes. The cue column is not created until you review your notes (which, ideally, you do as soon after the lecture as possible, and certainly before the next lecture). As you study the material in your notes, you should devise questions which the notes answer (think "Jeopardy"). These questions are the "cues" that should be written in the cue column. By writing questions, you are forced to think about the lecture material in a way that clarifies meaning, reveals relationships, establishes continuity, strengthens memory, and attempts to predict test and exam items.
The Summaries
The area below the horizontal margin near the bottom of the page should be reserved for a summary of the notes on that page. A summary is brief -- at most, only a few sentences. The page summary provides a concise review of the important material on the page. More importantly, in writing a summary, you are forced to view the material in a way that allows you to see how it all fits together, in a general sense. The summary should be written in your own words... helping you to own the information.
Note-Taking Area
The space to the right of the vertical margin is where you actually record your notes during the lecture. Pick a note-taking format with which you are comfortable -- there are no hard-and-fast rules for this aspect of the Cornell system. However, you should not attempt to transcribe verbatim every word spoken by the instructor. It is usually not difficult to separate the essential material from the non-essential. For instance, if information is written on the blackboard, it is probably important enough to include in your notes. To avoid missing information during the lecture, you should develop a system of abbreviations you understand, and you should write in telegraphic sentences (where you only include enough words to carry the essential meaning) or similar shorthand that is often used in cell phone text messages. As you take notes, realize that your emphasis should be on the key ideas, rather than the actual words used to convey those ideas.



  



Versi 2 

Cornell Note Taking System
(For Lecture or Reading)
Taking good notes is one of several keys to academic success.  There are several
reasons why developing an effective technique of note taking is important
.
Reasons for Developing Effective
Note Taking Techniques
1. Prevents forgetting:
Our memory fades quickly.  For most students, forgetting occurs very
rapidly after listening to a lecture, or reading over informational
material even if the material is engaging and interesting. After lectures,
for example, research shows that we forget 50% of what we hear within
an hour and more than 70% within two days.
2. Encourages concentration:
Taking effective notes requires a student to be mentally active during a
lecture or while reading.  One has to pay attention, interact with
information, make decisions about what to record, and write.  Given
that the mind is occupied with a demanding task, there is less
opportunity for the mind to wander.
3.  Records testable material:
Instructors generally expect students to remember and apply facts and
     ideas presented in lecture or in texts.  Tests are based on key ideas
     teachers emphasize in their lectures and/or written material that
     supports key concepts or themes.  In other words, the testable
     material.

Introduction
There are a variety of note taking styles.  No single method suits all students.
However, many successful students and business people have found that the Cornell
note taking system is very effective for lectures or reading that is organized around
clearly defined topics, subtopics, and supporting details.
The Cornell System is both a note taking and a study system.  There are six steps
to it.
Step One: Record
1) Prepare your notepaper by creating a two-column table.  The lefthand
column should take up about 1/3 of your writing space, leaving
the
remaining 2/3 for recording information.  Use only one side of
each
sheet of notepaper.
2) Summarize and paraphrase (restate in your own words) the facts
and ideas presented. Record definitions as stated or written.
3) Indicate changes in topic with headings or by leaving a space
between topics
4) Number, indent, or bullet key ideas presented with each topic.
5) Aim for telegraphic (brief) sentences, abbreviations, and symbols.
This will increase your note taking speed.
6) Write legibly so your notes make sense to you later.
7) Edit as soon as possible.
Step two: Question
Cornell Note Taking:
The Process
Formulate test questions based on the information recorded in notes and write
them in the recall clues column on the left-hand side of notes.  Questions
should focus on specific definitions and “big ideas”.

Step three: Recite
1) Recitation means explaining the information in the notes out loud, in
your own words.  The information should be triggered by the test
questions in the recall clues column.
2) Purposes of recitation:
a. Improves learning: Psychologists who study how the memory
works say that reciting aloud is a powerful technique for
anchoring information in the long-term memory.
b. Ensures understanding:  Reciting requires you to think about
and understand the information you are committing to memory.
c. Facilitates retrieval: Understanding information improves your
ability to retrieve it from your memory.  Studies show that
students who recite tend to do better on tests than students who
just read their notes silently to themselves.
3) Step in recitation:
a. Cover up the notes in the “record” column or fold notes back
along line separating the “clues” from the “record” column.
b. Use recall clues to stimulate your memory and recite the
relevant information.
c. Check your answers.  This gives you immediate feedback on how
well you have learned and are able to retrieve the information.  If
you have difficulty recalling the information or if your answers are
incorrect, learn and recite over again.
Step Four: Reflect

1) Reflection has to do with thinking about the information you are
learning.
2) One way to reflect is to look for connections with your own experiences
and observations and with other facts and ideas discussed in class.
3) Another way to reflect is to ask questions like:  How do the main ideas fit
together into a “bigger picture”?  How do these ideas fit in with what I
have already learned?  What do I agree with?  What do I disagree with?
Which ideas are clear?  Which are confusing?  What new questions do I
have?

Step Five: Recapitulate (summarize)
1) Write a summary of the main ideas using your own words.  This is the
best test of how well you understand the information.
2) Use a section at the bottom of each sheet of notes to write your summary
or write a summary of all the notes on the last page of your note sheets.
Step Six: Review

1) A good guideline is to review nightly or several times during the week by
reciting, not rereading.
2) Frequent, brief review sessions aid more complete comprehension of the
material than cramming the night before a quiz/test.





No comments:

Labels

09' (2) 10th anniversary (1) 13 Mei (1) 2012 (1) 4 strategi kejayaan (1) adab (1) Adiputra (1) aduan pengguna (2) advanced learning (1) AFTL (2) agama (31) Akhir zaman (25) alat menambah tinggi (1) alumni (7) amal jariah (2) amalan 5 S' (1) amali sembelihan (1) amerika bangkrap (1) Anak Mersing (6) anak pintar (1) Ancaman Singapore (3) Ancient Astronauts (2) angkasawan negara (1) Anjakan Paradigma (3) ansara (2) anti-islam (3) Anugerah (2) apple (4) Aqiqah 2009 (1) Ar Rahnu (1) artis (1) asal-usul (9) Asas Tenaga dan Fokus (4) asrama (1) Atartuk (1) aura minda (2) ayam penyet (1) bahaya (1) balik kampung (6) bandar Mersing (9) banjir (5) banjir 2011 (1) banjir 2012 (2) banjir temerloh 2011 (2) batch 2010 (1) bencana (5) bengkel (1) ber (1) berbuka puasa (2) berita (16) berita bersara (3) berita Mersing (181) bersara (3) Bersih 2.0. politik (5) Bersih 3.0 (1) bina laman web (21) bio text (2) Bisi jual manok tuai (1) bisnes mersing (14) blog mybio A+ (1) blogger (2) boikot Dap (1) boikot Israel (2) Borang Kemasukan ke MRSM (4) brainstorming (1) buah pukul mersing (6) buat banner (8) buat web (2) budak hilang (1) Budaya Ilmu lemah (2) buddha (1) buggati (1) bukti cinta kpd nabi muhd (4) Buku (4) Buku Teks (1) butik mersing (1) BWP/ LDP/PRS/BPPSP 09' (5) Cafe Bengawan Solo (1) Cafe Buluh Wangi (2) cahaya (1) cakra (1) cameron highland (1) Cameron Highlands (17) cara berfikir (14) carnival (1) celik IT (23) cendol Talib (1) ceramah insuran (2) CERN (3) cerun masjid runtuh (1) cetusan minda (42) Chakra Healing (2) chicken chop (1) China (2) cikgu kahwin 2010 (4) cikgu kahwin 2012 (3) cikguiti.com. (1) cinta universal (1) Colour vibration teraphy (2) Cool Blog Mersing (1) Cornell system (1) cuti 2010 (6) cuti 2011 (36) cuti 2012 (21) cuti orang Mersing (35) cuti-cuti mersing (66) cvt (3) daging kalimah (1) dajjal (3) darul aitam (1) demo anti-ppsmi (2) Derma Gaza Kagum (1) derma maahad tahfiz mersing (3) DiGi WWWOW (1) dinar (5) doa pengasih (1) e-cover (1) ebook (4) ebook cover (2) ecover (1) education (1) EFT (2) Einstein (3) ekonomi (11) elit (1) emas (8) Endau (2) English camp (2) EQ (1) Esplanade Temerloh (4) ESQ (1) ex-BP82' (6) ex-homeroom (8) ex-student (17) ex-student kahwin (5) ex-teacher (10) Exam (3) exora (1) facebook (6) fatwa merokok (2) filem (1) filosofi (1) fitnah (2) fizik kuantum (1) formula ajaib (3) Forum (1) Foto guru 2009 (2) foto guru 2010 (1) foto raya 2010 (1) freemason (1) future mersing (3) future phenomewnon (1) gadget (6) gajet (3) gathering (2) gempa bumi (1) Golden Sisters Enterprise (1) Google Translate (2) Graduasi 2008 (1) graduasi 2010 (2) graduasi 2011 (1) Group Anak Mersing (1) gulai patin tempoyak (5) Gunug Qaf (1) Gunung Arong (1) guru baru (2) guru dan staf berpindah (2) guruku (3) H1N1 (2) H1N1 di MRSM Mersing (1) HAARP (1) Hadiah Nobel (1) Haffa Izzah (4) haji (1) halal (1) handphone (1) Hang Tuah (2) Hari Akademik (2) Hari Akademik 2009 (1) hari akhirat (1) hari anugerah (2) Hari Anugerah 09' (1) Hari Anugerah 2012 (1) hari bumi (2) hari bumi 2010 (1) Hari bumi 2012 (1) Hari Graduasi 2009 (1) Hari guru (4) Hari Guru 09' (1) Hari Guru 2012 (1) hari guru sejagat (1) Hari Inovasi 2011 (1) hari keluarga (3) hari keluarga 2008 (1) hari Keluarga 2009 (1) Hari Keluarga 2012 (1) Hari Koperasi 09' (1) hari Koperasi 2010 (1) hari kualiti 09 (1) hari malaysia (1) Hari Pendaftaran (1) Hari Pendaftaran 2009 (1) hari Q (1) hari raya 09 (2) Hari Raya 2012 (2) HEP (1) hi tech (34) hi-tech (34) hiburan (1) high alert (3) higher order thinking (76) higher self (59) Homeroom (9) Homestay (1) hospital mersing (1) Hotel Seri Malaysia (2) hujung dunia (2) hujung tahun (1) humour (11) humuor (1) hypnosis (1) IGCSE (1) ikan patin (14) ikan tilapia (2) ikhlas (1) iktibar (153) Ilmu vs Pemahaman vs Pegangan (1) ILP (6) imej (2) Indigo (1) Info (20) infrared (1) iPad (1) iran (1) islam (22) Israk dan mikraj (1) isteri (2) IT (6) Jadual Bas Mersing (1) Jadual YPM (1) Jakim (2) Jalan baru (4) Jambori Pengakap 2011 (4) jamuan 2011 (1) jamuan akhir tahun (2) Jamuan Anugerah Pengetua (5) Jamuan Anugerah Pengetua 2011 (2) Jamuan Anugerah Pengetua 2012 (1) Jamuan jabatan sains (2) jamuan raya (1) Jamuan SPM 2008 (1) JB catering (1) jejak kejayaan (6) jenaka (4) jenayah (1) jeti mersing (1) jodoh (1) Johor Darul Takzim (1) Jurufoto Kahwin Mersing (2) Jurufoto Perkahwinan (2) kad raya (2) KAGUM (2) karier (1) karnival (2) Karnival tg Leman (1) kawin awal (2) keajaiban (8) kebenaran (2) Kedai 1 Malaysia Mersing (1) kedai di Mersing (2) kedai makan Pak Usop (2) kehidupan (3) kejayaan 2011 (1) kejayaan pelajar (1) kejohanan olahraga 2010 (3) kek Mersing (5) Kekejaman Jepun (1) kelab (2) kelab futsal (1) Kelab Khidmat Masyarakat (1) keluarga (1) kem cuti kimia 2009 (2) kem juara spm (1) kem latihan (1) kemahiran belajar (2) kemalangan (1) kemarau (2) Kemasukan ke MRSM (4) kEMASUKAN KE MRSM 2013 (1) Kemasukan ke MRSM 2015 (1) kematian (6) kemelesetan ekonomi (3) kemiskinan (1) kempen pelancongan Mersing (1) kemudahan (1) keputusan SPM 2009 (2) keracunan makanan (1) kereta (4) kerja lapangan (1) kerjaya (2) keropok (1) Kesihatan (18) ketuanan Melayu (21) keturah (1) KFC baru Mersing (2) khazanah melayu (3) kiamat (7) Kisah cikgu (5) kisah malam pertama (1) Knight of Templer (1) koleksi soalan (1) komputer (2) Komuniti Mersing (1) kos hidup (1) kreatif (4) kuantum (3) kucing's articles (2) kuda mersing (1) kursus (5) Kursus Online database (1) lagenda (7) lagu (1) lailatul qadr (3) Laman Pendidik Mersing (1) laporan (2) laporan maktab (2) latihan dalam kumpulan 2011 (1) law of attraction (1) lawak (1) Lawatan Benchmarking MRSM Alor Gajah (1) Lebuh raya Sg Koyan-Ringlet (1) Legoland JB (1) lemak babi (2) LOA (1) logo (2) luarbiasa (1) Maahad Tahfiz Al Amin (1) madu (1) mahdi (1) main-main minda (5) majalah odyssey (1) Majlis Anugerah (2) Majlis Anugerah 2010 (1) Majlis perpisahan (5) Majlis Restu 09' (1) makan di JB (1) makan di mersing (42) makan di Temerloh (14) makan-makan (35) makananan western (3) makkah masa depan.berita mersing (2) maksiat (2) malam di Mersing (1) MARA KL (1) martial art (3) masa depan Mersing (4) masakan tempoyak (3) Masalah Guru (1) Mat Rempit Merompak (1) Mat Salai (2) mat samurai (1) matawang (2) mati (6) maulidurrasul 2011 (1) meditasi (2) melaka (7) melancong ke Mersing (8) melayu (14) Melayu Merdeka (1) Melayu..Bani Israel yg hilang? (8) Melayu..Bani Israel yg hilang?part3 (1) Melayu..Bani Israel yg hilang?part4 (2) menginap di Mersing (3) mentakab (1) merentas desa 2011 (1) mersing (2) Mersing Laguna (11) Mersing River Front (2) Mersing waterfront (2) mersing. Air Papan (1) Mersing's hotel (6) Mersix (1) Mesyuarat Agung Muafakat 2010 (1) Mesyuarat guru 2008 (1) mi (1) mi bandung (1) Mighty 2009 (1) MIGHTY 2012 (1) Mighty Minds Competition 09' (1) mimpi jumpa Rasulullah saw (1) minda (23) minda separa sedar (5) Minggu Aktiviti (5) Minggu Aktiviti sem2 (1) minyak (4) minyak naik (8) misteri (32) mitos (41) mnasir (1) monsun (6) moral (2) motivasi (9) movies (2) mrsm baru (3) MRSM Mersing (2) MRSM Ulul Albab (2) muhasabah (2) murtad (3) muslim in America (1) NahamPhoto (4) Nasi Kerabu (1) nasi lemak (1) Nasib Melayu (4) negara Islam (4) nostalgia (10) novel online (2) Novel Terbaru (1) obama (1) olimpiad KAS1 (1) online biz (5) p.ramlee (1) pacal votan (1) PAKAR (1) pakar patah (1) pakej pengantin (1) panduan beli kereta (2) Panduan HRMIS (2) Panduan HRMIS 2011 (1) panduan peraturan (4) pantai (2) Pantai Air Papan (1) pantai Mersing (5) Pantai Sri Lalang (1) Pantai Tg Genting (1) pantun (1) Pasar Jumaat Mersing (1) Pasar Karavan (1) pasar lelong (1) pasar malam Brinchang (1) pasar malam Mentakab (1) pasaraya TF Temerloh (4) PBSM (2) pejuang (3) pelaburan (2) pelaburan emas (4) peluang belajar (1) Pemasaran (1) pembedahan batin1 (2) Pemimpin amanah Allah (1) Pencen (1) Pendaftaran PRA (1) pendaftaran taekwondo (5) pendidikan (2) pengajaran (1) pengetua bersara (2) penggodam (1) pengguna (2) pengumuman (7) pengunjung (1) penjajahan minda (1) penjimat minyak (1) penterjemahan (1) penyakit jantung (2) peperiksaan pra percubaan SPM 2011 (4) perang salib (1) perbandingan harga (1) perguruan (1) peristiwa menarik (4) Perjuangan Komunis cuba dihidupkan semula..part 3 (1) Perjuangan Komunis ingin dihidupkan semula di Malaysia (3) perkahwinan guru (4) Perkhemahan (1) Perniagaan (2) perpustakaan (1) persilatan (1) pertahanan (1) Pertandingan (1) Pertandingan Kawad 09' (1) PESADA 2009 (1) Pesta Super 09.. (4) Pesta Layang-layang Air Papan (1) Pesta Type III (4) peta minda (1) petua (5) petua exam (1) petua kejayaan (1) petus (1) photoshop (16) piagam anugerah (1) Piala Dunia 2014 (1) Pilihan Raya BWP (1) Pilihan Raya Kecil (2) Pilihan Raya Umum ke-13 (2) pizza mersing (1) pluralisme (1) PMR 2010 (1) PMR 2011 (3) poligami (1) politik (15) popular (1) Pot Luck (1) PPD Mersing (1) PPSMI (3) produk kesihatan (1) produk laut (3) profile.sejarah (9) Program Bumi Hijau (2) program studi (2) pru 13 (2) pseudoscience (3) puasa (12) punca bala (2) punca tulang patah (1) Pusat Dagangan Mersing (10) pusat tuisyen Mersing (4) Pusat Tuisyen Usaha Waja Bestari (1) Pusat Tuisyen Zamrud (1) puting beliung Mersing (1) qilla's articles (18) R R Mersing (1) rahsia air (3) Rahsia Pintar (2) rahsia solat (5) rahsia umur panjang (6) ramadhan (6) ramadhan 2012 (1) ramalan (8) Rat Race n Rat Trap (1) Rawang Burger Bakar Mersing (1) rawatan alternatif (9) raya 2011 (1) raya open house 2009 (1) re-union ex-bp82' (3) rekod dunia (2) relativiti (1) remaja (1) resipi (1) resort tioman (1) restoran lot 85 (1) result 2010 (2) retro (2) reunion (4) reunion MRSM BP 86' (3) Roket Indonesia (1) rokok (1) roti john (1) ruang iklan percuma (3) Ruby's Kitchen (1) rugi (1) rumah (2) rumah tangga (2) rumahtangga (1) sabun Kasthuri (1) safebox (1) Sains Al Quran (3) Sains Islam (20) sajak (7) sajak hujung dunia (1) sajak Iqbal (5) salasilah (3) Sambutan 10 tahun MRSM Mersing (1) sate teluk iskandar (4) Saudi Yahudi ? (1) science fair 2009 (2) science fair 2010 (1) Science on Wheel 2011 (1) science text (2) sciencefair 2011 (1) secret recipe (1) sedih (1) SEFT (2) Sejarah (44) sejarah mersing (6) sejrah (2) selebriti (1) selesema babi (1) selsema babi (1) Seminar Biologi (3) Seminar Biologi 2012 (1) Seminar Biology (1) seminar biology 2011 (1) Seminar Biology dan Chemistry 2013 (1) seminar biology SPM 2009 (1) seminar Biology spm 2010 (1) Seminar Biology SPM 2011 (4) Seminar di Tg Pengelih (1) seminar pecutan kognitif sains (1) seminar PMR (1) Seminar YPM (1) seni peperiksaan (1) seri malaysia mersing (2) servis kereta (1) shopping raya (1) Singapura-pura (2) Sir Iqbal (3) Siri Bercakap Dengan Jin (2) SK Sri Mersing (1) skema pmr 2011 (1) skor bio A+ (3) SKT (1) SKT 2011 (1) Smart Learning (3) smartphone (3) spiritual (33) SPM (6) SPM 2010 (1) spm 2011 (6) SPM terbaik 2008 (1) Staf baru (2) staf kahwin 2010 (2) staf kawin 2011 (1) staf wedding (6) star mall mentakab (2) Starex (1) statistik (3) steve jobs (1) stevia (1) study biology (2) sukan 2012 (2) Sukan maktab (3) sumbangan hari graduasi (1) supermind (5) syair islam (4) syiar (1) syiar Islam (71) tablet pc (4) tabung Somalia (1) taekwondo mersing (15) taekwondo mersing grading (6) Takutkah hantu? (5) Takziah (12) Tanah Rata (1) tanda-tanda akhir zaman (4) Tanjung Genting (1) Tanjung Leman (1) Taska Cilik (1) tauladan (1) TBS (1) teknik belajar (3) telefon bimbit (2) teluk cempedak (1) tenaga hayat (3) teori (2) terapi Cinta (2) terapi mimpi (2) test drive (2) The Law of Attraction (1) Theory (1) Tim Pengetua ko-Q (1) tips internet (2) tips jaga kereta (1) tiramisu mersing (1) Titanic (1) Tracer Study (1) tragedi (1) Tragedi pemikiran Melayu (4) travelog haji (1) tsunami (1) Tuisyen YPM (1) Tun M (6) Tunas Saintis 09' (1) Tunas Saintis 2011 (1) ufo (2) Ujian Amali 2009 (1) ujian UKKM (1) ulamak (2) umat Islam (5) ungku aziz (2) universiti terbaik (3) UPSR 2011 (1) USS Singapore (1) Ustaz Lah (1) ustaz penipu (1) utusan online (1) Wadi Al-Amin (1) waliyullah (5) wanita (2) wanita Korea (1) Warung Bakso (1) Wi Max (1) Wilayah Iskandar (1) Worm Hole (1) yahudi (5) yakjuj makjuj (1) yearly planner 2010 (1) yearly planner 2012 (1) ZPE (2)

Pencegah Penyakit Terhandal

Pencegah Penyakit Terhandal
Klik utk order online

Komuniti Mersing

Blog Pilihan